Zeroing establishes a predictable relationship among the shooter, weapon, aiming device, ammunition, and point of impact at a known distance. It is an equipment-and-shooter validation process, not a substitute for marksmanship training.
Reference note: The original article described the process in 2017-era TC 3-22.9. Use the latest approved doctrine, technical manuals, targets, ammunition guidance, and range procedures.
Understand the Selected Zero
A zero is tied to a specific weapon, aiming device, ammunition, and intended trajectory. A battlesight zero is designed to reduce the amount of range estimation or hold adjustment required within a defined distance window. Different organizations and sighting systems may prescribe different zero distances and confirmation procedures.
Prepare the System
- Inspect the weapon and confirm the sight or optic is mounted correctly.
- Use the authorized ammunition and target.
- Establish the prescribed mechanical or initial sight setting.
- Confirm the shooter understands the point of aim and expected point of impact.
- Use a stable firing position that minimizes avoidable disturbance.
Boresight When the Procedure Calls for It
Boresighting can place the first group on the target and reduce wasted ammunition. It does not complete the zero because it does not account for the shooter, live-fire dynamics, or the full trajectory. Follow the approved offset target, distance, device instructions, and safety requirements.
Group Before Adjusting
Fire a complete group using a consistent point of aim. If the group is too dispersed to identify a reliable center, correct the firing process or equipment problem before moving the sight. Once precision is acceptable, determine the mean point of impact and compare it with the prescribed location.
Make a Recorded Correction
Apply the documented adjustment value for the specific aiming device. Record what was changed, then fire another group. Repeatedly adjusting from individual shots encourages overcorrection and makes it difficult to diagnose the process.
Confirm at Distance
Short-range targets often represent the trajectory at another distance. Confirming at the required distance verifies that the approximation, ammunition, sight height, and environmental conditions produce the intended result. Record the final setting and conditions.
Coach the Process, Not the Score
A coach should observe position, aim, trigger control, follow-through, and equipment while maintaining a clear record of groups and corrections. The objective is a repeatable zero the shooter understands—not merely holes inside a box.