I was a competitive (and successful) runner/sprinter throughout my middle/high school and into college. My biggest advise is to not overstride. For some reason, there is this perpetuate myth that you should "roll through" your foot as you run, striking with the heel and rolling to the toes. This is inefficient and harmful to your joints. Aim for a "Midfoot stride." It will require alot of time and initial soreness on your part as you develop the stabilizing muscles you didn't realize you had. But everything from your hips down will thank you for it, and you will see your speed and stamina increase.
When your foot strikes flat directly beneath your knees, you maintain forward momentum unlike a heel strike which "hits the breaks" with every step and wreaks havoc on your joints with that jarring motion. You will need to either get a coach to show you what you need to do, or will need to hit youtube heavy for form on advice.
While I prefer a zero-drop shoe, I realize that may not be the best option for everyone from an orthopedic standpoint. Regardless of the shape of your arch/foot/whatever else, the midfoot stride is the correct, natural way to run, and is generally consistent with the technique used by most successful barefoot runners as well. A barefoot runner has the most to lose from bad form, and the same principles will apply to you if you are wearing shoes.